Causes of fluid volume deficit
Isotonic dehydration
Inadequate intake
Fluid shifts
Hypertonic dehydration
Excessive perspiration
Hyperventilation
Ketoacidosis
Prolonged fevers
Diarrohoea
Early stage renal failure
DI
Hypotonic dehydration
Chronic illness
Excessive fluid replacement
Renal failure
Chr.malnutrition
Assessment
Cardio vascular
Pulse-thready and increased
Bp-decreased and orthostatic hypotension
Diminished peripheral pulse
Flat neck
Respiratory
Increased rate
and depth of respi
Neuromuscular-lethargy ,coma
Renal-decreased urinary output & increased urine
specific gravity
Integumentary-dry, poor turgor, tenting present, dry mouth
GI –constipation, thirst
Decreased wt
Hypotonic dehydration
Skeletal muscle weakness
Hypertonic-hyper active deep tendon reflexes
Pitting edema
Lab results
Increased osmolality
Increased hematocrit
Increased BUN level, increased sodium level
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