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NOTE 4

Causes of fluid volume deficit

Isotonic dehydration

Inadequate intake
Fluid shifts

Hypertonic dehydration

Excessive perspiration
Hyperventilation
Ketoacidosis
Prolonged fevers
Diarrohoea
Early stage renal failure
DI

Hypotonic dehydration

Chronic illness
Excessive fluid replacement
Renal failure
Chr.malnutrition





Assessment

Cardio vascular
Pulse-thready and increased
Bp-decreased and orthostatic hypotension
Diminished peripheral pulse
Flat neck
Respiratory
Increased rate  and depth of respi
Neuromuscular-lethargy ,coma
Renal-decreased urinary output & increased urine specific gravity

Integumentary-dry, poor turgor, tenting present, dry mouth
GI –constipation, thirst
Decreased wt
Hypotonic dehydration
Skeletal muscle weakness
Hypertonic-hyper active deep tendon reflexes
Pitting edema

Lab results

Increased osmolality
Increased hematocrit
Increased BUN level,  increased sodium level







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