NOTE 3

TYPES OF SOLUTIONS

Ø ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS-These are isotonic to the human cells, therefore little osmosis occurs.

Ex ; 0.9%NS,5%  dextrose in water

5% dextrose in 0.225% Ns

RL

Ø HYPERTONIC SOLUTIONS –contains higher concentration of solute .

Ex: 3%NS,5%NS,10%dextrose,5%dextrose in 0.9%NS,5% dextrose in 0.45% NS,5%dextrose in RL.

Ø HYPOTONIC SOLUTIONS-contains lower concentration of salts or more water.

Ex:0.45% ns,0.225%ns,0.33%ns

Body fluid excretion.

Skin by diffusion-400ml

Skin by perspiration-100ml

Lungs-350ml

Feces-150ml

Kidneys -1500ml

Total =2500ml

Water loss through the skin and the lungs is called insensible loss.

Body fluid replacement.

Orally ingested fluids

Water in foods

Water formed by oxidation of the foods.

Total =2500ml

Fluid volume imbalances

Fluid volume deficit

Dehydration

Types

Isotonic dehydration

Water and dissolved  solutes are lost in equal proportions./hypovolemia

Result in  decreased circulatory blood volume and in adequate tissue perfusion

Hypertonic dehydration

Water loss exceeds electrolyte loss

Fluids move from the ICF in to the plasma and interstitial space causing cellular dehydration .

Hypotonic dehydration

Electrolyte loss exceeds water loss

Fluids move  from the plasma and interstitial space into the ICF causing a plasma volume deficit and cells to swell.